一种移动视频与地理场景的融合方法     

赵维淞  钱建国  汤圣君  王伟玺  李晓明  郭晗 《测绘通报》2020,(12):11-16

快速准确地了解灾害现场状况是救灾过程中的重中之重。通常发生灾害都会使用无人机进行现场勘察，但是无人机视频难以与实际的地理场景关联起来，为此本文提出了一种移动视频与地理场景的融合方法。该方法首先采用具有仿射不变性的ASIFT算法检测特征点，将匹配后的特征点采用RANSAC算法进行迭代剔除噪点，计算视频与地理场景最优的透视变换矩阵模型参数；然后将计算得到的透视变换参数应用到视频数据，恢复视频角点坐标；最后通过内插得出所有视频帧的角点坐标，实现视频与DOM的精确融合。试验结果表明，对视频数据匹配的间隔帧越短，其整体融合精度越高，通过本文方法进行视频与地理场景融合的误差标准差低于10 m。  相似文献   

高分六号宽幅相机在轨几何定标及精度验证   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王密  郭贝贝  龙小祥  薛麟  程宇峰  金淑英  周晓 《测绘学报》2020,49(2):171-180

高分六号宽幅相机能够实现单相机成像幅宽优于800 km,对大尺度地表观测和环境监测具有独特优势。在轨几何定标是光学遥感卫星几何处理的关键环节,直接影响影像的几何质量。本文充分考虑高分六号宽幅相机超大视场的畸变特性以及多谱段的成像特点,提出宽幅相机在轨几何定标方法,采用基于探元指向角的几何定标模型补偿宽幅相机系统误差,通过绝对定标和相对定标方法联合估计各波段的内外定标参数。利用Landsat 8影像、资源三号DSM为参考数据,对宽幅相机进行绝对定标处理,再利用ASTER GDEM为参考数据进行相对定标处理,其几何定标结果表明,高分六号宽幅影像绝对定位精度在3像素左右,内部几何精度能稳定在1像素,且波段间配准精度在0.3像素以内,表明在轨几何定标后高分六号宽幅影像几何质量得到了明显的提升。  相似文献   

Sentinel-2卫星落叶松林龄信息反演   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

唐少飞  田庆久  徐凯健  徐念旭  岳继博 《遥感学报》2020,24(12):1511-1524

林龄结构信息能够有效反映区域森林群落不同生长阶段的固碳能力，对于评估森林生态系统的健康状况具有重要意义。本研究以中国温带典型优势树种落叶松林为研究对象，分别选择其芽萌动期、展叶期和落叶期时段的Sentinel-2影像，采用多元线性回归（MLR）、随机森林（RF）、支持向量机回归（SVR）、前馈反向传播神经网络（BP）以及多元自适应回归样条（MARS）等5种方法依次构建落叶松林龄反演模型。通过相关性分析首先确定最佳遥感反演物候期，并在此基础上根据相关性差异筛选出5个最优特征变量用于模型反演，分别为冠层含水量（CWC），归一化水体指数（NDWI），叶面积指数（LAI），光合有效辐射吸收率（FAPAR）和植被覆盖度（FVC）。研究结果表明，展叶期为落叶松林最佳遥感反演物候期。除植被衰减指数（PSRI）以及落叶期的NDVI、RVI外，落叶松林龄与各指标之间均呈负相关关系，其中与冠层含水量（CWC）的相关性最高，pearson相关系数达到-0.74（p<0.01）。此外，不同模型反演结果表明，随机森林模型（RF）为最佳落叶松林龄估测模型，其平均决定系数R²和平均均方根误差RMSE分别为0.89和2.91 a；多元线性回归模型（MLR）的林龄估测结果最差，其平均决定系数R²和平均均方根误差RMSE仅为0.57和5.69 a，非线性模型能更好的解释林龄与建模变量之间的关系。  相似文献   

海南省连片贫困地区农户致贫风险分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

张金萍  宋伟  林丹  余珍鑫  李庭筠  罗邱戈  程叶青 《地理科学》2020,40(4):608-616

农村贫困与减贫是世界性难题,也是中国各级政府高度重视并着力解决的重大民生问题。基于农户及致贫风险的文献梳理,从区位、社会和劳动力3个要素维度构建了农户致贫风险分析的二元Logistic回归模型。采用484户农户问卷调查数据,分析了海南省连片贫困地区农户的致贫风险,提出有效减贫和持续发展对策。研究发现:① 海南连片贫困地区生态环境良好但贫困发生率较高,家庭劳动力较充裕但受教育水平较低,子女教育支出负担重,因病因残致贫比例较高,女性务工人口较多,农户自身脱贫致富的发展动力不足。② 海拔高度200 m以下、男性户主、拥有残疾或患病成员、务工人口比例低、女性务工人员占比高、以及单位劳动力供养学生数高的农户具有更大的致贫风险。③ 研究未发现女性户主、少数民族、低受教育水平户主、大型规模家庭有更高的致贫风险,女性成员比例、抚养比等因素对农户贫困影响较小。激发农户内生动力、大力发展特色化和规模化农业、增加农户就业机会、加强针对农民工、女性务工人员和病残群体的社会保障等减贫政策制定实施是实现脱贫攻坚目标的重要途径。  相似文献   

干旱区地表温度和热岛效应演变研究——以宁夏沿黄城市带为例          下载免费PDF全文

孙灏  马立茹  蔡创创  黄涛  吕林涛  阮琳  陈伟 《干旱区地理》2020,43(3):694-705

宁夏沿黄城市带位于宁夏东北部，不仅是干旱地区地理研究的重点区域，也是宁夏经济发展的核心区域。基于2000—2018年的MODIS地表温度、土地覆盖类型以及植被覆盖率数据，通过计算热岛比例指数 (URI)，利用Mann-Kendall非参数检验及Sen’s斜率估计法，对宁夏沿黄城市带近20 a白天和夜间的地表温度（LST）和热岛效应时间变化进行分析。结果表明：（1） 近20 a来，宁夏沿黄城市带大部分地区[WTBX]LST变化不显著，但在植被覆盖率增加区域，白天LST显著减小而夜间LST显著上升；植被覆盖率减小区域与之相反；夜间LST[WTBZ]变化幅度强于白天。（2） 宁夏沿黄城市带的热岛效应通常在白天较弱、在夜间较强；白天和夜间时刻的城市热岛效应在一年内呈现不同的季节变化特点,白天春冬较强，夜间夏季较强；过去近20 a，宁夏沿黄城市带白天热岛效应呈现稍微减弱趋势，夜间热岛效应呈现稍微增强趋势，但变化趋势均不显著。（3） 从植被覆盖率和地物类型两个影响因素的研究表明，植被覆盖率是影响地表温度变化的重要因素，城建区与郊区主要地物温差的改变是城市热岛强度变化的重要原因。从长时间序列变化的角度详细分析干旱区城市热岛的特征和变化原因，可为干旱区城市热岛带来的环境问题治理提供参考，也为研究干旱区热岛提供了借鉴。  相似文献   

祁连山MODIS LST时空变化特征及影响因素分析          下载免费PDF全文

邱丽莎  何毅  张立峰  王文辉  唐源蔚 《干旱区地理》2020,43(3):726-737

地表温度(Land Surface Temperature，LST)是研究区域尺度和全球尺度上地表能量和水平衡物理过程中不可缺少的参数。祁连山LST的时空变化规律及其影响因素模式未知。通过采用趋势分析法和相关性分析法，探讨2000—2017年间祁连山LST〖WTBZ〗的时空变化特征及与植被的相互关系，分析各植被类型下地表温度的时空分异特征。结果表明：（1） MODIS LST产品的精度能够满足祁连山地表温度时空变化分析的要求。（2） 祁连山LST时间序列呈 “上升—下降—上升—下降”的波动变化，整体呈小幅上升趋势，以0.17 ℃·（10 a）^-1的速率波动上升，冬季LST上升趋势最显著（63.37%），变化率为0.22℃·（10 a）^-1；空间上呈西北降低东南升高的变化趋势，显著上升面积（14.89%）远大于下降面积（0.90%）。（3） 祁连山年均LST与NDVI呈负相关，显著相关区域占22.56%，夏季NDVI对LST的调控作用较显著（25.45%）；荒漠NDVI对LST的影响大于其他植被类型。（4） 海拔对各植被类型LST有强烈的影响，相关性依次为荒漠>林地>草甸>耕地；然而，夏季LST与海拔的相关性因植被覆盖增加而显著降低。（5）祁连山LST上升是NDVI、海拔以及植被类型综合影响的结果。  相似文献   

Development and evaluation of a storm surge warning system in Taiwan     

Mei-Ying Lin  Wen-Yih Sun  Ming-Da Chiou  Chih-Ying Chen  Hao-Yuan Cheng  Cheng-Hsin Chen 《Ocean Dynamics》2018,68(8):1025-1049

An operational storm surge forecasting system aimed at providing warning information for storm surges has been developed and evaluated using four typhoon events. The warning system triggered by typhoon forecasts from Taiwan Cooperative Precipitation Ensemble Forecast Experiment (TAPEX) has been executed with two storm surge forecasting scenarios with and without tides. Three numerical experiments applying different meteorological inputs have been designed to assess the impact of typhoon forcing on storm surges. One uses synthetic wind fields, and the others use realistic wind fields with and without adjustments to the initial wind fields for the background circulation. Local observations from Central Weather Bureau (CWB) weather stations and tide gauge stations are used to evaluate the wind fields and storm surges from our numerical experiments. The comparison results show that the accuracy of the storm surge forecast is dominated by the track, the intensity, and the driving flow of a typhoon. When the structure of a typhoon is disturbed by Taiwan’s topography, using meteorological inputs from real wind fields can result in a better typhoon simulation than using inputs from synthetic wind fields. The driving flow also determines the impact of topography on typhoon movement. For quickly moving typhoons, storm forcing from TAPEX is reliable when a typhoon is strong enough to be relatively unaffected by environmental flows; otherwise, storm forcing from a sophisticated typhoon initialization scheme that better simulates the typhoon and environmental flows results in a more accurate prediction of storm surges. Therefore, when a typhoon moves slowly and interacts more with the topography and environmental flows, incorporating realistic wind fields with adjustments to the initial wind fields for the background circulation in the warning system will obtain better predictions for a typhoon and its resultant storm surges.  相似文献   

Brittleness characteristics of tight oil siltstones     

Wen-Hui Tan  Jing Ba  Meng-Qiu Guo  Hui Li  Lin Zhang  Ting Yu  Hao Chen 《应用地球物理》2018,15(2):175-187

Rock brittleness directly affects reservoir fracturing and its evaluation is essential for establishing fracturing conditions prior to reservoir reforming. Dynamic and static brittleness data were collected from siltstones of the Qingshankou Formation in Songliao Basin. The brittle–plastic transition was investigated based on the stress–strain relation. The results suggest that the brittleness indices calculated by static elastic parameters are negatively correlated with the stress drop coefficient and the brittleness index B₂, defined as the average of the normalized Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio, is strongly correlated with the stress drop. The brittleness index B₂, Young’s modulus, and Poisson’s ratio correlate with the brittle minerals content; that is, quartz, carbonates, and pyrite. We also investigated the correlation between pore fluid and porosity and dynamic brittle characteristic based on index B₂. Pore fluid increases the plasticity of rock and reduces brittleness; moreover, with increasing porosity, rock brittleness decreases. The gas-saturated siltstone brittleness index is higher than that in oil- or water-saturated siltstone; the difference in the brittleness indices of oil- and water-saturated siltstone is very small. By comparing the rock mechanics and ultrasonic experiments, we find that the brittleness index obtained from the rock mechanics experiments is smaller than that obtained from the ultrasonic experiments; nevertheless, both decrease with increasing porosity as well as their differences. Ultrasonic waves propagate through the rock specimens without affecting them, whereas rock mechanics experiments are destructive and induce microcracking and porosity increases; consequently, the brittleness of low-porosity rocks is affected by the formation of internal microcrack systems.  相似文献   

Environmental changes in the north‐east Sunda region over the last 40 000 years     

Chuanxiu Luo  Simon Haberle  Zhuo Zheng  Rong Xiang  Chixin Chen  Gang Lin  Kumar Sazal 《第四纪科学杂志》2019,34(3):245-257

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Morphological and molecular diagnoses of Polydora brevipalpa Zachs,1933(Annelida: Spionidae) from the shellfish along the coast of China     

YE Lingtong  YAO Tuo  WU Lin  LU Jie  WANG Jiangyong 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2019,(2)

Shell-boring species Polydora brevipalpa Zachs, 1933 is redescribed based on morphological observations and molecular approach for future unambiguous identification. Genetic distance analyses showed that the interspecific polydorid variation(16.7%–25.6%) was at least 15 times higher than the intraspecific one(0.2%–0.9%) based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I(CO1) gene sequences of polydorids. However, 18 S rDNA variation pattern demonstrated a rather narrow barcoding gap, with the interspecific polydorid variation(0.5%–5.6%) being very close to the intraspecific one(0.0%–0.4%). As such, the CO1 gene exhibited better DNA barcode for identification of polydorids than the 18 S rDNA gene because of the su ciently large barcoding gaps. Analysis of molecular variance results based on CO1 gene sequences showed that most variations in sequences(97.79%) lay within groups of adult worms and egg capsules rather than between them. This indicated that egg capsules from Crassostrea gigas(Thunberg,1793) in Ningbo and Nantong were related to the adult worms from Patinopecten yessoensis(Jay, 1857) in Dalian, and both of them belonged to P. brevipalpa. This result was further supported by parsimony network analysis, which showed that egg capsules collected from dif ferent localities and adult worms shared a single haplotype. This study was the first to report both P. brevipalpa infestation on C. gigas and to utilise the known CO1 sequences of the adult polydorids to validate morphologically unidentified egg capsules or early larvae. P. brevipalpa was most possibly brought to Chinese waters through transportation of Pa. yessoensis brood stock from Japan.  相似文献